Take-all patch

Symptoms

Roughly circular, sunken patches 5–60 cm across, at first orange-bronze then bleached straw to grey, with the worst symptoms on bentgrass. The centre often recovers and is colonised by weeds or other grasses, giving a 'frog-eye' ring. Roots are blackened, rotted and pull away easily; worst on alkaline, sandy or newly limed soils 1–3 years after establishment.